Causal Diagrams and Three Pairs of Biases
نویسندگان
چکیده
An association between variables is an idea whose meaning is usually grasped intuitively. In most minds, the statement “Variables D and E are associated” does not call for an explanation. Far less clear is the meaning of causation on which volumes have been written by both philosophers and scientists. Courses in epidemiology teach students to recite the mantra ‘association is not causation’, which is true of course—the words are not synonyms—but the two ideas are connected, and one may be developed from the other.
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تاریخ انتشار 2017